BB5 Engine Structure

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Single Engine Structure

ENOS = EPOC(Symbian OS) + NOS(Nokia OS)
ENOS based products -> 3650, 6600, 9210 …
EPOC and NOS operate mostly independent
Both operating systems are executed on the same core – they use the same common memory devices and resources
CMT-APE (NOS-EPOC) communication based on Phonet protocol
On execution NOS tasks have always higher priority
NOS is mainly focused on cellular modem activities (RF, powers, …)
EPOC is mainly focused on user interface activities





Dual Engine Structure

Dual engine products –> 6630, 9500, 6680 & 6681
Both operating systems are physically separated on different cores – they have own memory devices and resources
CMT-APE (NOS-EPOC) communication based on Phonet via physically bus (X-BUS)
NOS is totally focused on cellular modem activities
EPOC is totally focused on user interface activities

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Block Diagram & Key Components






Clocking




Powering Up



Power Up Steps

After Power On 
RETU activates Sleep Clock, VANA, VIO, VR1 and VDRAM
Voltage @ Retu RSTX pin will then enable TAHVO ASIC
TAHVO enable VCORE (RAP3G) and its internal oscillator to drive VCOREA (OMAP)
VCTCXO regulator is set on and RFClk (38.4 MHz) is started by RETU regulator
RETU release PURX after 16 ms after RFClk is stable
2.4 MHz SMPS clock for TAHVO is produced
After PURX is released and 2 rising edge of 2.4 synchronization clock is detected, TAHVO will use it to drive VCOREA
System is up and running
Software is used to switch on other regulators

RAP3G

RAP3G is a 3G Radio Application Processor
Successor for TIKU (used in NOKIA 7600) with some technical improvements and additional features
In general RAP3G consists of three separate parts:
Processor subsystem (PSS) that includes ARM926 MCU as a main processor, Lead3 PH3 DSP and related functions
MCU peripherals
DSP peripherals
RAP3G is running with NOS and takes care of all cellular modem activities
RAP3G core voltage (1.40V) is generated from TAHVO VCORE and I/O voltage (1.8V) is from RETU VIO. Core voltage in sleep mode is lowered to 1.05V

RETU

RETU is the primary EM ASIC including following functional blocks:
Start up logic and reset control
Charger detection
Battery voltage monitoring
32.768kHz clock with external crystal
Real time clock with external backup battery
SIM card interface
Stereo audio codecs and amplifiers
A/D converter
Regulators
Vibra interface
Digital interface (CBUS)
RETU ASIC does not include security functions such as UEM(E,K)

TAHVO

TAHVO is the secondary EM ASIC including following functional blocks:
Core supply generation (VCORE & VCOREA)
Charge control circuitry
Level shifter and regulator for USB/FBUS
Current gauge for battery current measuring
External LED driver control interface
Digital interface (CBUS)
TAHVO ASIC does not include security functions such as UEM(E,K)

CMT Flash
CMT Flash memory is used to store:
MCU program code
DSP program code
Tuning values
Certificates
Capacity: 64Mbit
Logic and supply voltage for NOR Flash is supplied from VIO (1.8V)
Flash clock is 48MHz (192MHz/4)

CMT SDRAM

CMT SDRAM is mainly used as a dynamic data storage for MCU data
Capacity: 64MBit
SDRAM core voltage (1.8V) is generated by RETU’s VDRAM regulator
I/O voltage (1.8V) is generated by RETU’s VIO regulator
SDRAM clock is 96MHz (192MHz/2)

OMAP 1710

OMAP is the application processor running with Symbian operating system (EPOC)
Platform for executing all user related application. Main interfaces:
Camera interface
Display interface
Bluetooth interface
MMC interface
USB interface
Keyboard interface
X-Bus for communication with RAP3G
OMAP is a standard ASIC designed by Texas Instruments and used also by other manufacturers of mobile phones and handheld PCs
Core voltage VCORE=1.4V is generated by discrete SMPS, and is lowered to 1.09V in sleep mode
I/O voltage VIO=1.8V is generated by RETU

APE Combo Memory
APE Flash is used to store application code and user data
It is not possible to execute code directly from Flash -> executables need first to be loaded to DDR and run from there
Capacity: 256Mbit (Flash), 256Mbit (DDR)
Core voltage for DDR is VDRAM 1.8V
VIO 1.8V is for DDR I/O voltage
Both NAND core and I/O voltages are generated by RETU
DDR clock is 110MHz (220MHz/2)
Flash interface speed is 22MHz


Product Specific Circuitries

Front Camera
The front camera is controlled and its data is collected by OMAP
The I/O voltage of OMAP is 1.8V, and the one of the camera is 2.8V;therefore a level shifter is needed
The camera is powered with two different voltages from LDO (Low-dropout voltage) regulators:
VCAM 1.5V for camera digital circuits, and sensor A/D-converter
VCAM2 2.8V for camera I/O, and sensor photo diode


floow

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frnont cam



after we well talk about back cam

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Back Camera

Connected to OMAP via data and control interfaces
Data transfer:through differential serial interface using clock and data
Camera control:bidirectional control interface compatible with I2C standard using SCL&SDA signals (1.8V)
Camera digital voltage is VCAM (1.5V) from discrete LDO
Camera ****og voltage is VAUX (2.5V) from RETU
Additional control signals
Vctrl: high (1.8V)=camera active low (0V)=camera inactive
ExtCLK: clock from OMAP1710 (9.6MHz)

Camera Flash Light

Designed to give more light when taking pictures in dark environment
The same LED is also used as an indicator light for indicating when:
a video clip is being recorded
a picture is taken
TK1189 is the SMPS for FLED. The enable of TK1189 is controlled by two hosts:
flash mode is controlled by the camera
indicator mode is controlled by OMAP

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Bluetooth™

Single chip BT BC3 (includes RF, BB & ROM memory)
UART interface for control/data with OMAP
PCM interface for audio data with RAP3G
IO voltage 1.8V from VIO
****og voltage 2.85V from VBAT through discrete LDO
Clock 38.4MHz from RF part

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Ambient Light Sensor

Ambient Light Sensor is located in the upper part of the phone and consists of:
Light guide (part of front cover)
phototransistor + resistor
NTC + resistors
RETU
Information of ambient lighting is used to control backlights of the phone:
Keypad lighting is only switched on when environment is dark/dim
Display backlights are dimmed, when environment is dark/dim

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MMC Interface

Reduced size MMC can be used to store photos, videos, etc…
MMC is connected to OMAP
Interface voltage level is 1.8V and power supply from RETU VSIM2
EMC protection by using ASIPs (Application Specific Integrated Passive)
MMC is powered down when MMC cover is opened
Cover lid open = signal connected to GND
Cover lid closed = signal connected to 1.8V

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Voltages Usage – Power Up Logic

VANA  RETU internal usage, Tomohawk/HeadDet-line pull up
VIO  Display I/O, BT I/O, Helen I/O, RAP3G I/O, TAHVO I/O, APE Combo I/O
VR1  Ref. Oscillator, Ref. Clk buffer, digital blocks of HINKU/VINKU, BT’s clock buffer supply
VDRAM  64Mbit SDRAM (RAP3G), 256Mbit DDR (OMAP)

DCT-4 Vs BB5





power desteribution





fllow

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LDO Regulators – VCAM & VCAM2



and we enter rf

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7600 RF Structure



7600 GSM
AND 7600 WCDMA

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And Now We Talk About 6680 Rf

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Gsm Tx-rx-------and Wcdma Tx-rx

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Power Control Loop – WCDMA Transmitter 1/2

TXC is used to drive the VGA which is used as the “main power controller”
The PA outside is just for the final setting of the outgoing power
WCDMA uses closed loop SW power control, where the Base Station will provide information for the terminal to increase or decrease its power by 1 or 2 dB steps

Power Detection: It is required that terminal must be able to measure its output power in high power level. The power detector measure it and fed a voltage (WTXDET) back to RETU to undergo AD conversion
Output power needs to be limited to +21 dBm

Isolator: It passes RF power only in one direction. Without it, RF power may leak in and affect the output of the detection circuit, resulting in error in the power control

Power Control Loop – WCDMA Transmitter 2/2

SMPS: The supply voltage of the PA and limits the lowest supply voltage to 1.5V. At highest power levels the SMPS output settles nominally to 3.2V
The supply voltage and the reference current lines (DAC 101 and DAC 201) are used to set the PA to distortion-free gain according to PA vendor's specification; this is essential in WCDMA

Synthesizers

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Phase Lock Loop (PLL

The output of the phase det depend on the phase of the measured frequency compared to the phase of the reference frequency
PLL charge pump charges or discharges the integrated capacitor in the loop filter based on the output of the phase det (comparator)

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Key Components 0f WCDMA Receiver
Why do we need Additional Filtering?
This SAW filter is to attenuate the Tx signal which is leaking through the duplex filter and amplified by the LNA
Why do we use duplexer instead of antenna switch?
This is because Tx and Rx are functioning in continuous mode in WCDMA
What is the use of AGC stage?
This stage is used to maintain the voltage swing at the AD converter in BB at an adequate level

Power Control Loop – GSM Transmitter

Power Detector Circuitry in PA gives a DC value proportional to the output power
DC level is feedback to the negative input of ERROR amplifier in VINKU
The DC level is then compare with the TXC reference signal
The output of the ERROR amplifier is then fed to a buffer amplifier which drive the VGA

Note: TXC is obtained from the
network for power level control